Editions de Parfums Frédéric Malle revolutionized perfumery in 2000 by becoming the first house to credit perfumers by name, treating them as authors of olfactory literature. Founded by Frédéric Malle, grandson of Serge Heftler who created Christian Dior Perfumes, this ultra-luxury niche house operates as an 'Editeur de Parfums'—a publisher giving the world's greatest noses complete creative freedom. With iconic fragrances like Portrait of a Lady by Dominique Ropion and Musc Ravageur by Maurice Roucel, each creation eliminates the superfluous to reveal pure artistic expression. Now part of Estée Lauder Companies since 2015, the brand maintains its revolutionary philosophy of elevating perfumery to high art through uncompromising quality and unprecedented creative liberty for master perfumers.